In 1137, Barcelona and the Kingdom of Aragon were united by marriage under the Crown of Aragon. In the 10th century, the County of Barcelona became progressively independent. In the late 8th century, various counties across the eastern Pyrenees were established by the Frankish kingdom as a defensive barrier against Muslim invasions. The official languages are Catalan, Spanish, and the Aranese dialect of Occitan. It is bordered by France ( Occitanie) and Andorra to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the east, and the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon to the west and Valencia to the south. Current day Catalonia comprises most of the medieval and early modern Principality of Catalonia (with the remainder Roussillon now part of France's Pyrénées-Orientales). The capital and largest city, Barcelona, is the second-most populated municipality in Spain and the fifth-most populous urban area in the European Union. Catalonia is administratively divided into four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. Most of its territory (except the Val d'Aran) lies on the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, to the south of the Pyrenees mountain range. Saint George ( Sant Jordi), Virgin of MontserratĬatalonia ( / ˌ k æ t ə ˈ l oʊ n i ə/ Catalan: Catalunya Spanish: Cataluña Occitan: Catalonha ) is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy.
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